Opis
A monograph on the epidemiology and course of HIV infections, neuroimaging diagnostics, and the cognitive adaptation (psychological functioning) of people infected with HIV, as well as their aging processes – with a particular emphasis on their olfactory and auditory functions and metabolic bone diseases. The authors - neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, radiologists, and audiologists - present the results of their own research and a reliable and critical review of the current body of literature. This publication is addressed to psychologists and caregivers of people infected with HIV. Angielskojęzyczne wydanie elektroniczne monografii poświęconej epidemiologii i przebiegowi zakażeń HIV, diagnostyce neuroobrazowej, funkcjonowaniu psychicznemu oraz procesom starzenia, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem funkcji węchowych i słuchowych oraz metabolicznych chorób kości u osób zakażonych wirusem HIV. Publikacja wyjątkowa ze względu na kompleksowość oraz interdyscyplinarność poruszanej w niej problematyki – autorami zebranych w niej tekstów są specjaliści w takich dziedzinach, jak neuropsychologia, psychiatria, radiologia, audiologia i inne. Jako jedyna jak dotąd monografia w Polsce prezentująca kwestie związane z zakażeniami HIV, zawierająca rzetelny i krytyczny przegląd aktualnej literatury i opisująca wyniki własnych badań autorów znajdzie z pewnością ważne miejsce w procesie kształcenia i doskonalenia kadr medycznych i psychologów, zajmujących się opieką nad osobami zakażonymi HIV. Spis treściContents Introduction References PART I Treatment vs new portrait of the HIV epidemic CHAPTER 1 Epidemiology of HIV infection in Poland in light of the situation in Europe and worldwide Conclusions References CHAPTER 2 Tolerance of the antiretroviral treatment vs aging of the individuals living with HIV Summary References PART II RESEARCH ON THE BRAIN IN HIV INFECTION – CURRENT CHALLENGES CHAPTER 3 Aging of the brain in HIV infection Introduction Physiological aging of the brain Morphological exponents of changes in the brain due to aging Immune response changes associated with age Neurobiochemical changes in the aging brain Changes in the central nervous system in HIV infection Entering of HIV into the CNS Destruction of nerve cells Compartmentalization of HIV in the CNS Chronic inflammation of the CNS and activation of the immune system Pathomorphological changes in the CNS Neuroimaging studies Clinical manifestations of HIV infection in the CNS Antiretroviral therapy and the CNS Factors influencing brain aging in HIV-infected patients Age of HIV-infected patients Processes affecting aging of the brain ART in elderly patients Clinical symptoms of brain aging in HIV-infected individuals References CHAPTER 4 The use of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing and monitoring cerebral lesions in HIV-infected patients while taking into account the aging processes Introduction Neuroimaging methods and techniques using magnetic resonance imaging Conventional structural imaging Mapping the diffusion tensor parameters Functional imaging In vivo spectroscopy Organic changes in the brain in HIV-infected patients as observed with MR imaging The processes of brain aging in MR images Summary References CHAPTER 5 Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies in patients infected with HIV Introduction Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy Metabolites measured with the use of MRS MRS applications in research on the effects of HIV infection and aging of the central nervous system Aging process and HMRS spectrum in healthy as well as HIV-infected individuals Aging process and HMRS spectrum in HIV-infected individuals The use of the MRS technique in neuroimaging of the neuropsychological deficits associated with HIV infection Summary References CHAPTER 6 Mapping brain abnormalities in aging HIV-infected individuals. A review of neuroimaging 4 studies Introduction Structural magnetic resonance imaging studies of the HIV-infected brain Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of the HIV-infected brain fMRI, HIV and aging Application of PET in examining the HIV-infected brain Application of PET in examining aging HIV-positive subjects Conclusions References CHAPTER 7 Relationship between white matter integrity and neurocognitive outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Background Method Database search Participants Methodology DTI analysis Neuropsychology Results General DTI results DTI correlation with neuropsychology DTI and the global neuropsychological score relationship Specific neurocognitive tests Processing speed Verbal learning Attention interference Prospective memory Mental control Hierarchical perception No relationship between DTI and neuropsychology Discussion References Appendix 1 Pubmed search syntax Appendix 2 Participants Appendix 3 DTI Methodology Appendix 4 Neuropsychology testing CHAPTER 8 Aging of the brain in HIV infection: literature review of the studies using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging Introd