Opis
In recent years, and more specifically, since the outbreak of the Eurozone crisis in 2010, the model of integration has changed. The rising political power of the strongest Member States and the political segmentation of the European Union into separate circles of integration have become the new reality. These processes have been accompanied by a range of related changes, such as the growing politicisation of the European Commission, increasing institutionalisation of the euro area and petrification of the geographical and political division into central and peripheral states in the EU. At this point, it is difficult to predict whether these changes will prove temporary or permanent, and what will be their systemic consequences (or, in other words, how will they impact Europe’s political system). It is similarly difficult to judge how the changes will influence specific EU policies. An attempt to answer these difficult but compelling questions is the objective of our book. Tomasz Grzegorz Grosse, Professor of Political Science and Head of Department of European Union Policies at the University of Warsaw; author of In Search of Geo-economics in Europe and coeditor of The Aspects of a Crisis The authors of this volume offer a comprehensive analysis of conditions and results of EU policies in the context of European integration. The ambitious scope of the project required the knowledge of economics, history, political science, international relations, law and even sociology. The authors fulfill their promise to the readers: the volume contains a comprehensive and detailed elucidation of the influence of the crisis on the integration practice, and on the contemporary conditions of EU integration, including both its structure and functioning. Zbigniew Czachór, author of The Crisis and Disrupted Dynamics of the European Union The volume edited by Tomasz G. Grosse promises to be a very valuable contribution to Polish European studies. It belongs to the broader field of critical reflections on European integration and as such, it opens new possibilities of constructive debate about the present and the future of the European Union. Janusz Ruszkowski, coauthor of Euro: Common Currency of the United Europe The Authors: Paweł J. Borkowski, Jacek Czaputowicz, Tomasz Grzegorz Grosse, Krzysztof M. Księżopolski, Justyna Miecznikowska, Jadwiga Nadolska, Artur Nowak-Far, Kamila Pronińska, Małgorzata Smutek, Krzysztof Szewior, Jolanta Szymańska, Joanna Ziółkowska. Spis treściIntroduction. European Policies and Change in the EU Integration Model 9 Tomasz Grzegorz Grosse Introduction 9 1. The growing importance of intergovernmentalism 10 2. What kind of an integration model emerged during the crisis? 17 3. Political segmentation in Europe 23 4. Main research questions and hypotheses 28 1. Systematisation of Concepts and Models Related to Differentiated Integration and Political Segmentation 33 Joanna Ziółkowska Introduction 33 1.1. Differentiated integration and political segmentation 33 1.2. The beginnings of the debate on differentiated integration 36 1.3. The second wave of the debate 39 1.4. The debate in the 1990s 42 1.5. The differentiation debate following the Amsterdam Treaty 46 1.6. A classification of differentiated integration categories 50 1.7. A proposed classification 53 Conclusions 56 2. European Union Foreign Policy at a Time of EU Crisis and Fragmentation 59 Paweł J. Borkowski, Małgorzata Smutek Introduction 59 2.1. The appeal of a Europe engulfed in crisis 62 2.2. Implementation of the Lisbon Treaty in times of crisis 69 2.3. EU international activities in a regional and problem-related approach, in the context of the crisis and the threat of fragmentation 75 Conclusions 82 3. The Impact of the Changing European Integration Model on the Common Security and Defence Policy 85 Jacek Czaputowicz Introduction 85 3.1. The impact of the crisis on the CSDP 87 3.2. Positions of Member States with regard to the CSDP 90 3.3. Division lines in the CSDP 96 Conclusions 99 4. Economic and Financial Crisis in the European Union: The Definition of the Concept and Scholarly Discussion Over It 103 Artur Nowak-Far Introduction 103 4.1. The economic and financial crisis in the Eurozone 104 4.1.1. The characteristics of the Eurozone Crisis 105 4.2. The Eurozone crisis as a crisis of the EU’s economic governance system 113 Conclusions 123 5. Social Policy at a Time of Changes in the Model of European Integration 131 Jadwiga Nadolska, Krzysztof Szewior Introduction 131 5.1. Social policy in the process of European integration 132 5.2. Social policy in times of crisis 135 5.3. The place of European social policy in the new architecture of economic governance in the EU 138 5.4. Forms of interference of EU bodies in Member States’ social spheres, within the framework of the new economic governance 140 5.4.1. Assistance packages 140 5.4.2. The European Semester 146 5.5. European social policy: between supranationality and intergovernment