Opis
In this research work, Author focus on the analysis of the trade relationships between European Union and People Republic China. Realistic point is important trends in the trade regime between EU and China. China is already in the process of rebalancing its economy towards greater reliance on domestic drivers of growth, in particular consumption. In order to continue its fast convergence in living standards with more prosperous societies, China will also need to increasingly rely on multifactor productivity gains as the key engine of growth. Labour productivity in both manufacturing and services are under 10% of the US level, demonstrating the distance to the technology frontier. Although the agriculture sector is a much smaller share of the economy than in the past, there is also ample scope to improve its productivity while easing resource constraints by strengthening agriculture innovation. A possible policy road map for sustaining this transition towards a more inclusive, high-productivity. China is slow in transforming the achievements of technological and scientific research into production. China is weak in industrial innovation. The upgrading of the industrial sectors among state owned enterprises lacks the support of capital and technology. These weak points have become obstacles in the quick development of a knowledge-based economy. China's domestic reforms will determine whether its economy will be transformed into a more sustainable model and more effective model. In this sense, Chinese foreign policies are an extension of China domestic politics. The EU should review its current trade policy strategy based on bilateral deals and re-focus its trade policy on the WTO. EU should also adopt a truly global approach in its trade policy towards China. This means involving not only the United States and Japan, but also successful mediumsized industrial and emerging economies. Areas such as, trade reciprocity and inward investment illustrate how important successful bilateral links between the two economies are to future prosperity. A long-termed stability of China depends on the fast economic growth, which is possible only when this country will be a partner able to play global roles. Question raised is whether the West with EU will see China's rise as an opportunity for cooperation or for conflict. Economic growth is generally more preferable in China to military and extensive expansion. Spis treściINTRODUCTION 17CHAPTER ITHE THEORY OF THE FOREIGN TRADE POLICY 211. The Contemporary Models of Foreign Trade Policy 212. Trade Interests Indicated by Export Orientation and Import Sensitivity 243. Foreign Trade Policy in Different Types of Authoritarian Regimes 264. Protectionism Pressures in Different Political System 275. The Level of Protectionictic Pressures 296. The Main Trade Conflicts 317. Controversial Issues in Agricultural Products 348. Liberalisation of Foreign Trade Policy and Natural Environment Protection 399. New Mercantilist Tendencies in the Contemporary Foreign Trade Policy 41CHAPTER IITHE REDUCTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE BARRIERS 451. The Contemporary Global Trade Order 452. The Issues of Reductions of Trade Barriers 483. Globalisation the World Economy 534. The Puślecki Paradox 575. Changes in the Globalisation Processes 586. The Doha Round Negotiations on the International Trade Liberalisation 61CHAPTER IIINEW CONFIGURATION OF EU AND CHINA FOREIGN TRADE POLICY MEASURES 631. Trade Measures in Contemporary Foreign Trade Policy of EU and China 631.1. Trade Facilitating Measure 641.2. Trade - Remedy Measures 651.3. Other Trade and Trade-Related Measures 692. Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) 703. Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) 76CHAPTER IVCHINA'S NEW ROLE IN THE EU EXTRA TRADE RELATIONS 811. The Variation in the Foreign Trade Policy Among States 812. Intensive Economic Growth and Inequality Development of China 823. The Liberalisation of China Trade Policy and Their Effects 894. The Increase of China's Role in EU Extra Trade 96CHAPTER VINNOVATION AND KNOWLEDGE IN CREATION OF EUROPEAN UNION COMPETITIVENESS AND SOCIAL SECURITY 1051. General Remark 1052. Knowledge-Based-Growth (KBG) Theory 1063. The Concept of Innovation System 1104. Innovation System at the Level of the Region 1145. The Innovation System and Innovation Process 1166. Technological, Complementary and Additive Alliances as well as Consortia for Research and Development (R&D) 1197. Business Consulting, Knowledge-Absorbing Business Service (KIBS) and Links Between Science and Industry 121CHAPTER VITHE KNOWLEDGE BASED GROWTH AND EU - CHINA TRADE RELATIONS 1251. The Increase of the Role Knowledge Based Growth 1252. The Triple Helix Model 1303. Constructed Advantage 132CHAPTER VIITHE NEW STRATEGIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE CHINA'S COMPETITIVENESS INCREASE 1351. The Economic and Social Cohesion Policy of the European Union in the New Conditions of the China Development in the XXI Ce